The importance of a flu shot in fighting flu variants

The flu virus changes constantly, creating new flu variants that can spread widely each year. These changes occur through small genetic shifts that influence how the virus behaves and interacts with our immune system. Some variants may spread more easily or cause more severe illness than others.

Each year, researchers carefully assess data on flu activity worldwide to determine which strains of the virus are most likely to spread. This research informs the creation of the annual flu shot, designed to provide targeted protection against the flu variants expected to be most common.

Getting your flu shot and practicing good hygiene

Receiving the flu shot is a simple yet effective way to prioritize your health and contribute to the well-being of your community.

“While it’s true that the match between the vaccine and circulating strains may vary, getting vaccinated still provides crucial benefits,” says Paige Witkowski, DO, a primary care physician at Mount Nittany Health. “It reduces the likelihood of becoming seriously ill and lowers the risk of spreading the virus to others, especially those more vulnerable, such as young children, older adults and individuals with underlying health conditions.”

Proper hygiene is another important part of lowering your risk of getting sick this season. Washing your hands regularly is one of the simplest and most effective ways to lower the risk of flu transmission.

“Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, making sure to scrub all surfaces, including between your fingers and under your nails,” says Dr. Witkowski. “This is particularly important after coughing, sneezing or being in places where germs are likely to spread, such as public transportation or shopping areas.” If soap and water aren’t available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol to clean your hands thoroughly.

To further reduce the spread of germs, avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose and mouth, as these areas are common entry points for viruses. Protect others when you sneeze or cough — cover your mouth and nose, and throw away used tissues.

Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches and cell phones. These everyday items can harbor viruses that linger on surfaces, making regular cleaning an essential part of your hygiene routine.

Avoiding close contact

Limiting close contact with others is an effective way to reduce your exposure to flu viruses, especially during peak flu season. In situations where maintaining distance is challenging, such as on public transportation or in crowded indoor spaces, consider wearing a well-fitted mask for added protection.

When possible, opt for outdoor gatherings or well-ventilated spaces, as they lower the risk of virus transmission. Additionally, try to avoid handshakes or other direct physical contact with individuals, especially if they appear unwell, and instead use noncontact greetings.

“If you’re in a work or social setting where you can’t maintain distance, be mindful of personal space and avoid sharing items like utensils, cups or pens,” says Dr. Witkowski. These small adjustments in your daily habits can make a significant difference in reducing the spread of flu viruses.

Recognizing symptoms early

Flu symptoms can appear suddenly and may vary in severity from person to person. Typical signs include fever, chills, sore throat, cough, muscle aches, fatigue and a runny or stuffy nose. Some individuals may also experience headaches or gastrointestinal issues like nausea or diarrhea, though these are less common.

“If you suspect you have the flu, it’s best to stay home, rest and limit contact with others to avoid spreading the illness,” says Dr. Witkowski,” says Dr. Witkowski.

Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or if you are in a high-risk group, such as older adults, young children, pregnant individuals or those with underlying health conditions.

Paying attention to these early signs is important, especially during flu season, as timely intervention can help reduce the risk of complications. And remember — getting your annual flu vaccine will protect you against the year’s strains and lessen your chance of severe illness.