A cancer diagnosis can affect many aspects of life — including sexuality, an often overlooked but deeply personal part of well-being. Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation and surgery may cause physical changes, while emotional shifts such as anxiety or altered self-image can further impact intimacy.
Though these challenges vary from person to person, they are valid and deserve compassionate attention.
Physical changes and challenges
Cancer treatments like surgery, chemotherapy and radiation can affect the body in ways that may influence sexual health. Treatments can cause fatigue, nausea, bowel or bladder problems, pain, skin issues and changes in appearance, all of which may affect sexual desire and ability. These physical effects differ for each individual, but understanding how they impact daily life is an essential step toward managing them.
“Some people may experience discomfort or pain during intimate moments due to surgical scars, hormonal changes or nerve damage,” says Abhishek Seth, MD, a cancer care specialist at Mount Nittany Health. “Others might notice decreased energy levels or feel less confident due to changes in their physical appearance.”
While these effects can be challenging, they are part of the body’s response to treatment and healing. Openly sharing these concerns with your healthcare provider can help identify ways to address them effectively.
In some cases, specific strategies such as physical therapy, pelvic floor exercises or medications may be suggested to improve sexual comfort and function. Taking steps to manage symptoms like pain or fatigue can lead to improvements in overall well-being and may enhance sexual health. Tailored approaches can empower patients to feel more at ease as they navigate these physical changes.
Emotional and psychological aspects
The emotional effects of cancer and its treatments can deeply influence how someone feels about themselves and their relationships. These shifts can affect self-esteem and may create emotional barriers to intimacy. It’s natural for people to experience a range of emotions, from sadness to frustration, as they adapt to these changes.
“Anxiety and depression can sometimes amplify sexual difficulties, making it important to address these feelings,” says Dr. Seth. “A mental health counselor specializing in sexual health can offer strategies to manage sexual problems that are caused or worsened by anxiety or depression, helping patients and their partners reconnect on an emotional level.”
For some, reconnecting with a sense of self-worth may require exploring ways to celebrate their body’s resilience and focusing on its strength rather than its perceived flaws. Building this positive perspective takes time and support, and it’s okay to seek guidance from trusted professionals or support networks. Both patients and their partners can benefit from understanding these emotional shifts and working together to navigate the complexities of this aspect of their relationship.
Communication with partners
Sharing your feelings and concerns with your partner can strengthen your relationship and help both of you navigate the changes cancer treatments may bring. While these conversations might feel awkward or challenging at first, they can open the door to better understanding and deeper connection.
“Expressing what you’re going through can help your partner recognize how to provide support in ways that feel meaningful to you,” says Dr. Seth.
It’s also important to actively listen to your partner’s perspective. They may have their own fears or uncertainties about how to support you or how the changes might affect your relationship. Creating a space where both of you feel safe to speak openly can foster mutual compassion and reinforce your bond.
You might find it helpful to approach these conversations during moments when you both feel calm and have time to focus on one another without distractions. Some couples benefit from setting aside dedicated time to check in with each other regularly. If certain topics feel particularly difficult to bring up, consider involving a counselor or therapist who can guide these discussions in a constructive way.
Exploring new ways to connect emotionally and physically may also help deepen your relationship during this time. Sharing moments of affection or engaging in non-sexual forms of intimacy can nurture closeness and reassure both partners of their shared commitment.
Resources and support during cancer treatment
Navigating changes in sexual health during cancer treatment can be challenging, but accessing the right resources can make a significant difference. Healthcare professionals such as oncologists, gynecologists and urologists often have experience addressing these concerns and can offer tailored guidance.
Support groups — whether online or local — offer a valuable space to connect with others facing similar experiences. These groups can provide empathy, practical advice and encouragement, with formats ranging from professionally led sessions to peer-led discussions.
“Ultimately, support comes in many forms, and exploring these options at your own pace can lead to a more empowered and connected journey,” says Dr. Seth.
Cancer Care
Discover more about Cancer Care, including locations and providers, at Mount Nittany Health