Relief from the burn: Managing acid reflux and GERD

Have you ever experienced a painful, burning sensation in your chest? Commonly known as heartburn, acid reflux is a common issue that many people experience. From lifestyle changes to medication and, in some cases, surgery, working with your healthcare provider, you can find a solution that gets you relief.

What is acid reflux?

Acid reflux is a common digestive issue that occurs when stomach acid flows backward into the esophagus. It’s a disturbance in the usually smooth operation of the digestive system, and this backward movement can result in discomfort, typically experienced as heartburn or a sour taste in the mouth. While occasional acid reflux is considered normal, persistent occurrences might signal a more chronic and severe condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

What is GERD?

GERD occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, irritating it and potentially damaging it. This chronic condition can result in various symptoms, such as heartburn, vomiting, chest pain and difficulty swallowing. Unlike occasional acid reflux, GERD often requires medical attention and management to prevent complications.

Diagnosing GERD and acid reflux

A gastroenterologist will examine and review your signs and symptoms to diagnose acid reflux and GERD accurately. The following tests can assist in the diagnosis and assessment of potential complications:

1. Upper endoscopy: A flexible tube with a light and a camera is inserted down your throat to examine the esophagus and stomach.
2. Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test: A monitor is placed in your esophagus to identify when stomach acid regurgitates.
3. X-ray of the upper digestive system: X-rays are taken after drinking a contrast liquid that coats the digestive tract, helping to visualize the esophagus and stomach.
4. Esophageal manometry: Measurement of the muscle contractions in the esophagus during swallowing.
5. Transnasal esophagoscopy: A flexible tube with a video camera is inserted into the nose to examine the esophagus.

Treatment for acid reflux and GERD

Depending on the diagnosis, your provider may recommend a combination of lifestyle changes, nonprescription medications, prescription medications or surgery if indicated. Common options for lifestyle changes include:

• Eat sparingly and slowly. Choose small, more frequent meals to prevent stomach overload.
• Avoid trigger foods. Mint, fatty foods, spicy foods, tomatoes, onions, garlic, coffee, tea, chocolate and alcohol can trigger or worsen reflux.
• Skip carbonated drinks. Carbonation can induce burping, causing acid to be pushed into the esophagus.
• Stay upright after eating. By staying upright for at least three hours, gravity can aid digestion.
• Elevate your head while sleeping. Elevate your head 6 to 8 inches when you sleep to minimize nighttime reflux.
• Weight management. Excess weight can contribute to reflux. If advised, start a weight loss program.
• Quit smoking. Nicotine can relax the lower sphincter in the esophagus, making reflux worse.
• Check medications. Some medications can contribute to reflux. Talk to your doctor about any medications you are taking.

Relief from acid reflux and GERD can often be found by using a combination of these methods. Work with your healthcare provider to identify personalized solutions for your unique symptoms, health history and individual risk factors.