Hemorrhoids are a frequent health issue that many individuals face at some stage in life. These enlarged veins, located in the lower rectum or around the anus, can cause anything from minor discomfort to symptoms that interfere with everyday activities.
Learning about their triggers and identifying warning signs early can help you take measures to prevent or manage them.
Recognizing the symptoms
Typical signs of hemorrhoids include itching or irritation around the anus, pain or discomfort during activities like sitting and swelling near the area. Bleeding, particularly during bowel movements, may also occur and is often one of the more noticeable symptoms.
“In some cases, internal hemorrhoids may cause no pain but still lead to rectal bleeding, while external hemorrhoids are more likely to result in localized discomfort and visible swelling,” says Asna Amin, MD, a colorectal surgeon at Mount Nittany Health.
Because some symptoms can overlap with other conditions, such as anal fissures or infections, paying attention to the specific nature of your discomfort is key. For example, anal fissures often cause sharp, stinging pain that worsens during or immediately after bowel movements, accompanied by bright red blood.
“Hemorrhoid-related bleeding may be less intense but still warrant attention, especially if it continues over time. Identifying these signs accurately can make it easier to determine the right course of action for relief,” says Dr. Amin.
Hemorrhoid home treatment tips
Straining with bowel movements, either with constipation or loose stools, is usually what triggers the hemmorrhoidal veins to swell and cause the irritation. Therefore, it’s crucial to try to regulate your bowel movements. You can incorporate more fiber — either with increasing fiber intake or adding fiber supplements. Also, adding Miralax daily helps with regulation of bowel movements as well.
There are several ways to find relief from hemorrhoid discomfort at home. Sitting in a shallow bath of warm water, called a sitz bath, for about 15 minutes can make a noticeable difference. These are especially helpful after bowel movements.
Applying cold compresses or ice packs to the affected area may also help minimize swelling and provide temporary pain relief. Over-the-counter medications, such as creams and ointments, can address itching and irritation, offering additional comfort.
“If sitting becomes uncomfortable, consider using a cushion or donut pillow to reduce pressure on the area,” says Dr. Amin. “Staying hydrated and incorporating more fiber into your diet are also essential strategies for preventing strain during bowel movements, which can exacerbate symptoms.”
In addition, to help with healing, avoid wiping too aggressively and opt for unscented, gentle wipes or dampened toilet paper to clean the area, which can prevent further irritation.
Hemorrhoids vs. other conditions
Hemorrhoids are often mistaken for other conditions that can affect the anal area, making it essential to understand the differences. Anal fissures, for example, are small tears in the lining of the anus that can cause intense pain, particularly during and after bowel movements. Unlike hemorrhoids, fissures may not result in swelling but can lead to sharp, burning sensations and bright red bleeding.
Another condition to consider is an anal abscess, which occurs when a pocket of infection forms near the anus. Abscesses typically cause severe pain, redness, swelling and sometimes fever, and they often require medical drainage for proper treatment.
“Rectal prolapse is another issue that can sometimes be confused with hemorrhoids. It involves part of the rectum protruding outside the body, which is not related to swollen veins,” says Dr. Amin.
The location and nature of symptoms, such as the type of pain, bleeding or swelling, can help differentiate between these conditions. If there is uncertainty about your symptoms or if they worsen, consulting a gastroenterologist can help you get an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.
When to seek medical help for hemorrhoids
If you notice that hemorrhoid symptoms persist despite consistent home care efforts, it may be time to reach out to a healthcare professional. Severe pain, continuous bleeding or difficulty managing discomfort are signs that medical evaluation is necessary.
A doctor can assess whether your symptoms stem from hemorrhoids or another condition, such as an anal fissure or abscess, and recommend targeted treatment options. Additionally, if you experience changes in bowel habits, unusual swelling or signs of infection like fever, these could indicate complications that require attention.
“While most hemorrhoids can be managed with noninvasive methods, some cases may benefit from procedures such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy or surgical intervention to achieve lasting relief,” says Dr. Amin.
Preventing hemorrhoids
Adopting healthy habits can significantly lower the chances of developing hemorrhoids. One of the most effective strategies is maintaining regular bowel movements without straining. This can be achieved by staying hydrated, as water helps keep stools soft and easier to pass. Pairing hydration with a fiber-rich diet — featuring foods like whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables — further supports digestive health.
Physical activity also plays a key role in prevention. Engaging in regular exercise improves circulation and helps regulate bowel movements, reducing pressure on the veins in the rectal area. If your day involves long periods of sitting, aim to take short breaks to stretch or walk around. This can reduce the strain on your lower body and minimize the risk of vein swelling.
“Another essential preventive measure is developing good restroom habits,” says Dr. Amin. “Do not resist to the urge to use the bathroom and avoid delaying bowel movements, as holding it in can lead to constipation or unnecessary straining. You should also avoid sitting on the toilet for extended periods, as this can increase pressure in the anal area.”
By integrating these simple practices into your daily routine, you can promote digestive health and minimize the risk of hemorrhoids. Prevention starts with making thoughtful lifestyle choices that support overall well-being and reduce strain on the body.