Guide to maternal mental health conditions

While motherhood is often celebrated, the emotional difficulties many moms face during this time are too often ignored or overlooked. Mothers deserve, especially in such a vulnerable stage in life, to prioritize their emotional well-being.

Factors like hormonal shifts, sleep deprivation and the pressures of caring for a newborn can take a toll, leaving some moms feeling overwhelmed or unsure of where to turn. Addressing maternal mental health struggles is important — not only for moms but also for their families — in order to promote stability and healthy relationships.

Common mental health conditions new and expecting moms experience

Maternal mental health conditions can take many forms, each affecting mothers in different ways.

• Postpartum depression (PPD): This condition is among the most frequently discussed, marked by ongoing feelings of sadness, exhaustion and a sense of disconnection that can interfere with daily life.
• Anxiety disorders: Anxiety can appear during or after pregnancy, often involving constant worry, feelings of restlessness and physical symptoms like a racing heart or trouble sleeping.
• Postpartum psychosis: Though less common, this is a serious condition that requires immediate medical care. It may include symptoms such as confusion, hallucinations or delusions, and it can pose risks to both the mother and her baby if not treated promptly.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors in mothers attempting to cope with overwhelming fears or anxieties.

These challenging conditions can feel difficult to manage without support, but although the severity and nature of each can vary, it’s important to recognize that they are not a reflection of your character or abilities, and that help is available.

The shocking prevalence maternal mental health conditions

“The surprising truth is, one in five women will experience a mental health challenge such as PPD or postpartum anxiety (PPA),” says Kaitlyn Brunner, DO, and gynecologist at Mount Nittany Health. “That’s about 20% of women, which makes these the most common complications that women experience post-birth.”

Despite this, about 75% of women who experience one or more of these conditions never get the support or help they need. And when untreated, they cause ripple effects that negatively impact a mother and her baby. When mothers struggle to cope with their emotions, it can lead to worsening symptoms over time for mothers and often a lack of adequate emotional regulation for their children.

What puts mothers at risk?

Maternal mental health conditions can be influenced by many different factors:

• Biological changes, like hormonal shifts after childbirth, play a key role.
• A history of mental health challenges, such as anxiety or depression, could also increase susceptibility.
• Environmental stressors, including financial difficulties, relationship strain or lack of a reliable support system, can amplify any emotional struggles already present.
• Traumatic birth experiences or challenges in caring for the baby, such as feeding difficulties, can further contribute.
• Societal expectations and the pressure moms face to “do it all” can leave them feeling isolated or inadequate.

It’s important to understand that developing these conditions is not something to be ashamed of. You deserve to feel happy, and rather than “pushing through” and assuming that these feelings are normal or will improve with time, you can feel empowered to seek help.

Maternal mental health signs and symptoms

Changes in your emotions, such as feeling persistently sad, overly anxious or irritable, can signal a mental health concern. Physical signs like extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest or changes in appetite might also be clues.

“Behavioral changes, including withdrawing from social interactions, struggling to bond with the baby or avoiding responsibilities, are important to notice,” says Dr. Brunner. “Some moms might express feelings of hopelessness, guilt or fear they’re not ‘good enough,’ which can deeply affect their well-being. And in severe cases, a mother may experience thoughts of self-harm or harming the baby.”

While some shifts in mood and energy are expected after having a baby, it’s essential to recognize when these changes go beyond what feels manageable. Friends, family members and partners can also play a critical role by staying attentive to these signs and encouraging moms to seek professional help when needed.

Where to seek help and treatment

If you’re experiencing any maternal mental health challenges, you have access to a range of effective treatments. Counseling or talk therapy can help address emotions and develop strategies to manage stress. In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend medication to ease symptoms.

Peer support groups also offer a chance to connect with others who understand and share similar experiences. Many communities provide specialized programs for maternal mental health, and telehealth options make it easier than ever to access care from home. For urgent concerns, some emergency departments are prepared to assist with mental health crises.

“Moms facing mental health challenges deserve understanding and compassion. Acknowledging these feelings without judgment can create a sense of relief and belonging,” says Dr. Brunner.

Communities can make a big difference by fostering conversations about maternal mental health and normalizing the need for support. Encouraging moms to prioritize their emotional well-being helps break down the stigma and reinforces the idea that asking for help is a sign of strength.

Reaching out to a trusted healthcare provider is often the first step to finding the right resources. Whether through a trusted healthcare provider or a local support network, there are resources available to you. Together, we can create a world where you feel empowered to care for your mental health and embrace the joys and challenges of motherhood with confidence.