What to know about common fall illnesses

As the weather cools and days get shorter, certain illnesses tend to spread more easily. This happens because people spend more time indoors, making it easier for germs to pass from one person to another.

Some of the most common illnesses during this time of year include colds, flu and RSV. While many of these illnesses are mild and can be managed at home, it’s important to be aware of more serious symptoms. Knowing what to watch for and how to take care of yourself can make a big difference in staying healthy this fall.

The difference between a cold and the flu

Colds and flu are both illnesses caused by viruses that affect the respiratory system. Both illnesses spread through respiratory droplets, like when someone coughs or sneezes. While they can share some symptoms, they are not the same. Colds are usually milder and often cause a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing and a sore throat. You might also have a mild cough, but fevers are rare with a cold.

“The flu, on the other hand, usually starts suddenly and can make you feel much worse. Flu symptoms can include a high fever, chills, muscle aches, fatigue and a more severe cough,” says Prachi Singh, DO, a primary care physician at Mount Nittany Health.

Some people may also experience a headache or feel extremely tired. Because the flu can cause more serious complications, such as pneumonia, it’s important to pay attention to your symptoms. Taking steps to rest, stay hydrated and manage symptoms can help, but knowing the difference between these two illnesses is important for choosing the right care.

Recognizing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

RSV is a virus that can cause respiratory infections, especially in young children. Its symptoms are often similar to those of a cold, such as a runny nose, coughing and sometimes wheezing.

“While RSV is usually mild, it can be more serious for infants, especially those under 6 months old, or children with underlying health issues,” says Dr. Singh. Nearly every child will get RSV by the time they turn two, and two to three out of every 100 infants in the U.S. are hospitalized each year due to RSV infections.

Parents should watch for warning signs like difficulty breathing, refusal to eat or drink or extreme fatigue. In these cases, RSV may require medical care. Older children and adults usually recover with rest and supportive care. Although RSV spreads easily, taking preventive steps, such as avoiding contact with sick individuals, can lower the risk of infection.

Home treatment tips for fall illnesses

When you’re dealing with a cold, flu or RSV, there are simple ways to feel better at home. Rest is very important, as it helps your body recover. Drinking plenty of fluids, like water, clear broths or herbal teas, keeps you hydrated and can ease a sore throat.

“If you have a fever or body aches, over-the-counter medicines like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help. A humidifier or steamy shower can relieve congestion and make breathing easier,” says Dr. Singh. “Sipping warm liquids, such as tea with honey, can soothe a cough and reduce throat irritation.”

Avoid smoking or being around smoke, as it can make symptoms worse. Wash your hands often and keep your space clean to avoid spreading germs to others in your home.

Prevention tips

To lower your risk of getting sick this fall, there are a few simple steps you can take:

• Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after being in public or around someone who is sick
• Try to avoid touching your face, as germs can enter through your eyes, nose or mouth
• Keep surfaces clean, especially in shared spaces like kitchens and bathrooms
• Avoid close contact if you or someone in your home is sick
• Use tissues to cover sneezes and coughs

When to see a doctor

While many mild cases can be treated at home with rest, fluids and over-the-counter medicines, more serious symptoms should not be ignored. Paying attention to changes in how you or your child feels can make all the difference in catching problems early.

“If you or your child has trouble breathing, a fever that stays high or symptoms that get worse instead of better, it’s time to see a doctor,” says Dr. Singh. “Watch for signs like chest pain, confusion or lips and fingernails turning blue, as these could mean the illness is more serious.”

For young children, pay attention to things like fast breathing, flaring nostrils or if they won’t eat or drink. Babies with fewer wet diapers than usual might be dehydrated and need medical help. If your child seems very tired or hard to wake up, call a doctor right away.

People with health problems like asthma, diabetes or heart conditions should also check with a doctor sooner, as they are at higher risk for complications. It’s always better to ask for help if you’re unsure about symptoms.

Taking care of your health during the fall is essential. Recognizing symptoms and knowing when to reach out for medical guidance can help you stay well. By protecting your health, including getting your annual flu vaccine, you can fully enjoy the season while keeping yourself and others safe.